Insight for Action #6

Finances for Basic Needs

Older Adults' Needs

Older adults receiving income under 400% of the federal poverty line (approximately $60,000 a year for individuals and just over $80,000 for couples in 2024) need assistance covering essential needs to survive on a fixed income without sacrificing their health or well-being.1

Insight for Action

Fixed incomes and the inability to secure employment corner many older adults into choosing between meeting the basic costs of living and addressing an intensified need for healthcare spending.

Policy Perspectives

Despite the existence of multiple federal and state programs to support economic security among older adults, many people continue to struggle. As such, an examination of the applicability, accessibility, and comprehensiveness of existing programs is in order. Where found wanting, policy development is advisable to reduce costs of housing, medical care, and other major expenses for older adults.

It already is clear that policy refinement is needed around eligibility criteria for many programs that are currently based on income alone, which do not reflect wide differences in need because of health status or geographic location. Additional policy reforms could include: greater consideration of the Elder Index in public programs, auto-enrollment policies in retirement savings plans, and protections for those holding debt.


1. [ Laurence, Bethany K. “Federal Poverty Level Eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid Benefits - 2024.” Nolo, February 13, 2024. https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/federal-poverty-level-eligibility-medicare-medicaid-benefits.html#:~:text=400%25%20FPL%20The%20income%20limit%20for%20getting%20a,through%20the%20Health%20Care%20Marketplace%20is%20400%25%20FPL.]

Hear from Older Adults

The playlist below compiles videos of older adults and other participants talking about this insight.

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Theme #1

Many struggle with the limits of fixed incomes.

"Yvonne" #03

Older Adult
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"I mean, I have a lot of support from my children. And, you know, they look out for me. I don't really have to have too much want for anything. But, if I didn't have their support, it would be really hard. Because I didn't know as many people needed help from their family members until I came out here to Texas. Because when I was in Chicago, it's like, even the older people, everybody stayed by themselves or with their family members if that's what they wanted to do... And everybody was more self-sufficient. But out here, it's a lot of people that need to stay with their children. Not the children staying with them, but the parents staying with their children. Because it's like, with the prices going so high and rent and stuff, they can't make it by themselves. So, they're pretty much forced to go stay with their children. Because a lot of them can't find housing.... I've met people where they will try and rent out rooms to other people, but you know, they'd be scared to because if they rent it to people, they didn't know, then that could be harmful or dangerous. So, they always tried to rent to people, like, from the centers that they would go to, if they did, or through somebody else that might know somebody.... [I] wouldn't be comfortable with doing something like that. So, I figured myself to be lucky."

Daily Life: Family Relationships; Finances: Financial Status, Non-Medical Costs and Bills; Housing and Home: Geography, Household Members, Housing Experience;
Theme #2

Many would like more work but can’t find a job or make it work financially.

Theme #3

Many make trade-offs or defer paying bills.

Theme #4

Food insecurity is a common byproduct of limited income.

Theme #5

What helps?

"Genevieve" #01

Older Adult
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"Another saving grace is the drug company that I get this drug through, they have a foundation. That foundation is a godsend. Without that foundation, I probably wouldn't be walking today. Because that foundation funds that drug for me. I have to apply every year for that drug to be funded. Through that drug company. But that foundation, this year I'm amazed. Two weeks, I sent them what they needed. You have to provide income. You have to provide this. You have to provide that. I [said], Oh, here we go again. It's November. I have to wait till January for them to decide if they're going to approve me or deny me again. I stress for two, three months every year.... This year, God, a higher power, something, my doctor, within two weeks, I got a letter in the mail from this drug company. When I saw the envelope, I said, oh, please don't tell me they're going to deny me... they moved too fast. The only time they've moved that fast is when they [sent] me a denial letter. I opened that letter, and I was glad I was sitting down because I was so relieved. They approved me for next year. Oh my God, the weight of the world was lifted. You'll just never know how stressful that is. I go through that every year. And if it wasn't for that foundation today, I almost guaranteed I would be either in a wheelchair or not be able to be mobile to do the things I do. I can't say enough about foundations. They are a godsend. They help a lot of people. I know... there's a system to everything.... Fill out this form. Do this form. Here's another paper. Oh, we forgot this. Here. You know, complete this paper. Who cares? If that foundation asks you to do it, do it. Because nine times out of ten, they're going to help you."

Health Insurance: Healthcare Costs;

What Subject-Matter Experts Say

S. Orlene Grant #02

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"We began building the workforce development program with 11 different community groups within Prince George's County.... We developed year-round workshops that were given by our partners in business skills, computer skills, resume building, interviewing skills, [and] those kinds of things, and then held workforce forum hiring events for three years, right before COVID hit us. The last one we did, we had to move it to the community college because it was so large. We had 760 older adults show up to interview with 66 employers that we had convinced you need to look at this population. One out of four received a job that day. We knew that was proof of concept, that there was a huge need for older adults to be retooled and returned to work... to be productive, and also not to be a burden on the community. We have since lobbied [about workforce development for older adults]... but that is not a sexy item for politicians. Returning veterans, returning citizens, youth, [and] troubled youth are all the buzzwords today as far as workforce development, which is good because those populations do need to come back and be productive citizens. However, the fastest growing group and the most impoverished group... [is] older adults. If you look within Prince George's 50+ you have 300,000 and growing and then you have your tax base which is depleted because these individuals can't contribute as much to the tax base, which has a rippling effect."

Finances: Desire to Work, Financial Preparedness; Policymaking and Innovation: Policymaking and System Improvement Challenges, Policymaking and System Improvement Opportunities;

S. Orlene Grant #07

Subject-Matter Expert
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"If you look at the news, if you look at advertisement[s] in the paper for hiring events or back-to-work programs, [they are] geared towards a younger individual or somebody within their 40s. We found that especially women are beginning to feel the burden of ageism beginning around 40, 42, in which they're looked at as... ready to be aged out. It's someone else younger who has less chronic diseases. It's not going to be a burden on the insurance. Probably has longevity, new skills, [and] can come in and fill the bill just as well. So at our last workforce forum, we had people in their forties show up. And the first one, everybody was 68 to 80 in the second one, it dropped down to 65 because we collected all this information. And then on our third one, it dropped down to the 40s. So we knew ageism was hitting at a younger and younger age because these people were being forcibly retired, what we call... forcibly aged out of their jobs. But it's not something politicians want to look at. It's not something, employment development groups want to look at because it is a more complex approach. You're not going to be doing vocational training. Necessarily. These individuals are not going to be welders, not going to be carpenters. They're not going to go to Amazon and lift 60 pounds above their head because they can't.... Physical activities that are curtailed as you get older. It's just a normal case of aging, but the accommodation of that is minimal compared to what these individuals can contribute to the workforce, but that message doesn't come through very easily at all."

Finances: Desire to Work; Personal Story and Identity: Ageism, Gender; Policymaking and Innovation: Policymaking and System Improvement Challenges;
Insight for Action #1

Aspirations for Older Age

Americans need to prepare for older age starting earlier in life to feel secure as older adults. As older adults, they need a feeling of social value to believe in their own agency as well as a sense of purpose to prosper.
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Insight for Action #2

Social Connection

To feel and be less isolated, older adults need both personal relationships and access to groups or programs at community sites that affirm their values.

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Insight for Action #3

Caregiver Support

Older adults and their caregivers—whether family members or professionals—need recognition, support, and training regarding receiving and providing care.

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Insight for Action #4

Transportation Access

Older adults need access to easy, reliable, affordable transportation to retain the mobility that enables independent adulthood.

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Insight for Action #5

Housing Access & Suitability

To retain their agency, older adults need stable and accessible housing that they can afford, maintain, and physically navigate.

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Insight for Action #6

Finances for Basic Needs

Older adults receiving income under 400% of the federal poverty line (approximately $60,000 a year for individuals and just over $80,000 for couples in 2024) need assistance covering essential needs to survive on a fixed income without sacrificing their health or well-being.

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Insight for Action #7

Comprehensive & Seamless Healthcare Coverage

Older adults need affordable healthcare coverage and benefits that support their whole health and well-being.

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Insight for Action #8

Navigation of Healthcare Benefits & Coverage

To make better coverage decisions, older adults need benefits eligibility, access, and coverage to be more straightforward.

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Insight for Action #9

Mental Health Services

Older adults need approachable and accessible support for their mental health, to work through new or longstanding clinical conditions.

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Insight for Action #10

Trust in Clinicians

To have trust in their healthcare, older adults need clinicians who take time, communicate clearly, relate to them personally, and respect their autonomy.

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